| Photosynthesis | Compare photosynthesis to chemosynthesis | Both are processes that produce energy; photosynthesis uses light energy, while chemosynthesis uses chemical energy from inorganic substances. |
| Write a balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis | 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ | |
| Outline what occurs during the light dependent stage and where in the chloroplast the reactions occur | The light dependent reactions split water into oxygen and hydrogen. | |
| Outline what occurs during the light independent stage and where in the chloroplast the reactions occur | Calvin cycle takes carbon dioxide to fix G3P, for making glucose. Occurs in the stroma. | |
| Explain why the light independent stage relies on the light dependent stage to occur in order for it to happen | Some products of LDR, hydrogen for NADPH and ATP, are inputs | |
| Plants are considered autotrophs. Compare this term to a heterotroph | Autotrophs produce their own energy. Heterotrophs rely on consuming organic matter for energy. | |
| Cellular respiration | Write a balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration | C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP |
| Outline what happens during glycolysis, including where it occurs ATP yield, inputs and outputs | Glycolysis doesn’t require oxygen. It happens in the cytoplasm. inputs 2 ATP and 1 glucose, and outputs 4 ATP and pyruvate. ATP yield is 2. | |
| Outline what happens during the Krebs cycle, including where it occurs ATP yield, inputs and outputs | Happens in the mitochondrion matrix. Inputs pyruvate, outputs carbon dioxide. | |
| Outline what happens during the Electron Transport Chain, including where it occurs ATP yield, inputs and outputs | Happens in the cristae (middle parts). Inputs oxygen and NADH. Outputs water, 26 to 28 ATP. | |
| Contrast anaerobic respiration in humans and yeasts | For humans, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, causing muscle fatigue. For yeast, pyruvate is converted to ethanol and CO₂ (fermentation). | |
| Contrast aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration | Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen, produces a small amount of ATP (2 ATP), and occurs in the cytoplasm. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, produces a large amount of ATP (~36 ATP), and occurs in the mitochondria. | |
| Rate of reaction | Explain why increasing CO2 concentrations doesn’t lead to an exponentially increasing rate of photosynthesis | Carbon dioxide is only one input of photosynthesis, and too much will not increase the speed. |
| Explain what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as the temperature is increased. | It increases until the optimum temperature, then it decreases. | |
| Explain why exposing plants to green light compared to blue or red light would have a lower rate of photosynthesis | The molecular structure of chlorophyll in photosynthesis are able to capture red and blue frequencies better. | |
| Suggest a factor that could increase the rate of cellular respiration | Sufficient oxygen intake. | |
| Compare how the rate of reaction could be measured in experiments investigating rate of photosynthesis and cellular respiration | We can measure oxygen production for photosynthesis and oxygen intake for cellular respiration. | |
| Comparing reactions | ’Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary biochemical reactions’ explain what is meant by this | Their chemical equations involve the same molecules, therefore one process can reverse the effect of another. |
| Suggest similarities and differences between the chloroplast and the mitochondrion | They are similar in their function is energy production. They are different in only chloroplasts can do photosynthesis, and the chloroplast does not produce any ATP. | |
| Explain the roles of coenzymes (ATP, NADPH, FADH2 and NADH) are used in both processes | ATP carries energy. NADPH and NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers in the ETC. |