organelle ♡

An organelle is a specialized cellular part that has a specific function.

The major eukaryotic organelles include the nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, and vacuole.

cell membrane

The cell membrane separates the cell interior from the outside environment.

All cells have them.

The cell wall is a rigid structure composed of cellulose, to provide structure.

Plants and protists can have them.

organelle	main function	organisms
cell membrane	separates the cell interior from the outside environment	all eukaryotes
cell wall	has a rigid structure composed of cellulose that provides shape to the cell	plants, protists
chloroplast	traps energy from sunlight for photosynthesis	plants, algae
endoplasmic reticulum	has rough ER for translation and folding of new proteins, smooth ER for expression of lipids	all eukaryotes
flagellum	is used for locomotion and sensory	some eukaryotes
Golgi apparatus	does sorting, packaging, processing and modification of proteins	all eukaryotes
mitochondrion	does energy production and releases ATP	most eukaryotes
nucleus	does DNA maintenance, controls all activities of the cell, RNA transcription	all eukaryotes
vacuole	is a large vesicle for storage	all eukaryotes

organelle	main function	organisms
centriole	is an anchor for cytoskeleton, organizes cell division by forming spindle fibers	animals
ribosome	does translation of RNA into proteins	all eukaryotes
lysosome	does breakdown of large molecules	animals
vesicle	does material storage and transport	all eukaryotes
nucleolus	prepares ribosome production	most eukaryotes