in graph theory, a complete graph is a graph in which every possible pair of graph vertices is connected by one edge.

as seen in the handshake problem, if there are vertices that must handshake with every other one, each possible handshake represents an edge in the graph

all the possible handshakes can be found by using the combination function with , therefore, a complete graph with vertices has edges.

for reference, the combination functions page says

complete graphs in real life situations include round robin tournaments, where each team plays all the other teams once